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Free Syrian Army
The Free Syrian Army ((アラビア語:الجيش السوري الحر), ', FSA) is a group of defected Syrian Armed Forces officers and soldiers, founded during the Syrian Civil War on 29 July 2011 by seven〔〔 (Pages 6, 14–17.)〕 or eight〔 defected Syrian officers. The group defined "all () security forces attacking civilians" as their enemies,〔〔 and said its goal was "to bring down the system"〔 or "to bring this regime down".〔 From the end of 2014 onward, the very existence of the group as an operational entity in Syria has been questioned by some commentators and foreign government officials.〔〔〔〔
On 23 September 2011, the Free Syrian Army merged with the Free Officers Movement ((アラビア語:حركة الضباط الأحرار), '); Western observers like '' The Wall Street Journal'' considered the FSA since then the main military defectors group.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttfy6h2BMyo )〕 90% of the FSA consists of Sunni Muslims,〔 but a small minority are (Shia) Alawites and some Druze fought in FSA units. About 15% of FSA units are Kurds.〔("Syria's Druze minority is shifting its support to the opposition" ). ''The Washington Post'', 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2013.〕 Some FSA units are led by Druze.〔("Druze preachers in Swaida urge defections" ). ''The Daily Star (Lebanon)'', 18 February 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2013.〕 As for further ethnic minorities, a Palestinian rebel commander in the Yarmouk enclave in southern Damascus in 2012 considered his rebel brigade to be part of FSA.〔("Syrian rebels arm Palestinians against Assad" ). Reuters, 31 October 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2013.〕
The FSA coordinated with the Syrian National Council starting in December 2011, and supported the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces after the coalition's November 2012 creation. Between July 2012 and July 2013, ill-discipline and infighting weakened FSA, while jihadist groups entered northern Syria and became more effective than FSA. In April 2013, the US promised $123 million aid to rebels, to be funneled through the then leader of the FSA, Salim Idriss. Since February 2014, Abdul-Ilah al-Bashir is the appointed Chief of Staff and leader of the FSA.〔 A coalition of moderate Muslim rebel groups fighting under the Supreme Military Council of Syria, which includes the FSA, on 25 September 2014 allied with a predominantly Christian coalition called Syriac Military Council, to unite their fight against the Assad government and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, ISIS, IS). Although officially against ISIS, many clues seem to demonstrate the existence of a collaboration between ISIS and FSA: this thesis is reinforced by the fact that both groups share the same ideology and religious beliefs (sunni).〔https://www.rt.com/news/319956-fsa-general-russia-syria/〕
At the outset of the civil war, the FSA operated throughout Syria, both in urban areas and in the countryside,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Moderate rebels face worsening situation in Aleppo )〕 in the northwest (Idlib, Aleppo), the central region (Homs, Hama, Al-Rastan), the coast around Latakia, the south (Daraa and Houran), the east (Dayr al-Zawr, Abu Kamal), and the Damascus area, with their largest concentration of forces, nine battalions or more, in Homs, Hama and surrounding areas. By November 2014, a growing coalition of 58 US-backed groups, the Southern Front of the Free Syrian Army, was gaining territory south of Damascus in southern Syria. In addition to its stronghold in the south, the FSA is active in pockets of Aleppo,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Syria rebels in south emerge as West's last hope as moderates crushed elsewhere )〕 takes part in the ongoing offensives in Idlib. Some FSA groups, such as Jaysh al-Thuwar, are aligned with the YPG as part of the Euphrates Volcano and Syrian Democratic Forces joint operations rooms in the ongoing combat near Kobanî and in the north of Syria, however other FSA groups, mainly those with closer relations to Turkey, are opposed to the YPG and Syrian Democratic Forces especially those of the Mare' Operations Room (including Falcons of Mount Zawiya Brigade).〔http://i0.wp.com/archicivilians.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/000.png〕
== History ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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